Jeste li znali da u moru postoji 28000 vrsta – riba?

Ribe (lat. Pisces) su hladnokrvne životinje iz skupine kralježnjaka koje žive gotovo isključivo u vodi i dišu uz pomoć škrga. Naročito dobro osjetilo koje je razvijeno kod riba jest osjetilo bočne linije. Oko polovina svih kralježnjaka su ribe, a najstariji poznati fosili su stari 450 milijuna godina. Procvat su doživjele u geološkom razdoblju devonu, koji se zbog toga naziva doba riba. Dijele se na besčeljuste i čeljustouste, koje se zatim opet dijele na hrskavičnjače (Chondrichthyes) (u koje se između ostalih ubrajaju morski psi i ražovke), i koštunjače (Osteichthyes) koje obuhvaćaju sve ostale ribe. Skupina koštunjača daleko je najbrojnija vrsta. Nekada su postojale i ribe oklopnjače (Placodermi) i bodljikavi morski psi (Acanthodii), ali su izumrli. Danas na svijetu postoji oko 28.000 vrsta riba. Dijele se i na: morske i slatkovodne, iako postoje i međuoblici. Ribe su široko rasprostranjene u gotovo svim vodenim ekosustavima na Zemlji. Nađene su na visokoplaninskim potocima i jezerima pasve do najvećih oceanskih dubina. Znanost koja se bavi ribama zove se ihtiologija.

Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Around 99% of living fish species are ray-finned fish, belonging to the class Actinopterygii, with over 95% belonging to the teleost subgrouping. The earliest organisms that can be classified as fish were soft-bodied chordates that first appeared during the Cambrian period. Although they lacked a true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. Fish would continue to evolve through the Paleozoic era, diversifying into a wide variety of forms. Many fish of the Paleozoic developed external armor that protected them from predators. The first fish with jaws appeared in the Silurian period, after which many (such as sharks) became formidable marine predators rather than just the prey of arthropods. Most fish are ectothermic (“cold-blooded”), allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change, though some of the large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature. Fish can acoustically communicate with each other, most often in the context of feeding, aggression or courtship. Fish are abundant in most bodies of water. They can be found in nearly all aquatic environments, from high mountain streams (e.g., char and gudgeon) to the abyssal and even hadal depths of the deepest oceans (e.g., cusk-eels and snailfish), although no species has yet been documented in the deepest 25% of the ocean. With 34,300 described species, fish exhibit greater species diversity than any other group of vertebrates. Fish are an important resource for humans worldwide, especially as food. Commercial and subsistence fishers hunt fish in wild fisheries or farm them in ponds or in cages in the ocean (in aquaculture). They are also caught by recreational fishers, kept as pets, raised by fishkeepers, and exhibited in public aquaria. Fish have had a role in culture through the ages, serving as deities, religious symbols, and as the subjects of art, books and movies. Tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) emerged within lobe-finned fishes, so cladistically they are fish as well. However, traditionally fish (pisces or ichthyes) are rendered paraphyletic by excluding the tetrapods, and are therefore not considered a formal taxonomic grouping in systematic biology, unless it is used in the cladistic sense, including tetrapods, although usually “vertebrate” is preferred and used for this purpose (fish plus tetrapods) instead. Furthermore, cetaceans, although mammals, have often been considered fish by various cultures and timeperiods.